- Aggregate
- crushed
stone, slag or water worn gravel used for surfacing a built-up
roof: any granular material
- Alligatoring
- cracking
of the surfacing on a bituminous roof or coating producing patterns
similar to the hide of an alligator
- Application
Rate
- the
quantity (mass volume or thickness) of material applied per unit
area
- Area
Divider
- a
raised member attached to a properly flashed wood base plate that
is anchored to the roof deck. It is used to relieve thermal stresses
in a roof system where no expansion joints have been provided
- Asbestos
- a
group of natural, fibrous, impure silicate materials
- Asphalt
- a
dark brown to black cementitious material in which the predominating
constituents are bitumens, which occur in nature or are obtained
in petroleum processing
- Asphalt
Felt
- an
asphalt-saturated felt or asphalt coated felt
- Asphalt
Mastic
- a
mixture of asphaltic material and graded mineral gate that can
be poured when heated but requires mechanical manipulation to
apply when cool
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- Backnailing
- the
practice of blind-nailing roofing felts to a substrate in addition
to hot-mopping to prevent slippage (see "Blind Nailing")
- Base
Ply
- the
lowermost ply of roofing material in a roof membrane assembly
- Base
Sheet
- a
saturated or coated felt placed as the first ply in some multi-ply
built-up roof membranes
- Bitumen
- a
class of amorphous black or dark colored cementitious substance
natural or manufactured, composed principally of high molecular
weight hydrocarbons, found in asphalts, tars and oils
- Bituminous
Emulsion
- the
suspension of minute globules of bituminous material in water
or aqueous solution
- Bituminous
Grout
- a
mixture of bituminous material and fine sand that will flow into
place without mechanical manipulation when heated
- Blackberry
- a
small bubble or blister in the flood coating of a gravel-surfaced
roof membrane
- Blind
Nailing
- the
practice of nailing the back portion of a roofing ply in a manner
that the fasteners are not exposed to the weather in the finished
product
- Blister
- an
enclosed pocket of air mixed with water or solvent vapor, trapped
between impermeable layers of felt or the felt and the substrate
- Blocking
- wood
built into a roofing system to serve as a nailer for attachment
of the membrane or flashing
- Bond
- the
adhesive and cohesive forces holding two waterproofing components
in intimate contact
- Brooming
- embedding
a ply of roofing material by using a broom to smooth out the ply
and ensure contact with the adhesive under the ply
- Built-Up
Roof
- a
continuous semi-flexible roof membrane assembly, consisting of
plies of saturated felts sandwiched by layers of bitumen. Generally
surfaced with mineral aggregate, bituminous materials or granule-surfaced
roofing sheet
- Burn-Out
- a
condition where the shakes deteriorate from prolonged exposure
to the elements, primarily sunlight, resulting in the subsequent
deterioration of the underlying roof components, such as felt
and fasteners
-
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- Cant
Strip
- a
beveled strip used under flashing to modify the angle at the point
where the waterproofing membrane meets any vertical element
-
- Capillary
Action
- the
action the causes movement of liquids by surface tension when
in contact with two adjacent surfaces such as panel side laps
- Cap
Sheet
- a
granule-surfaced coated sheet used as the top ply of a built-up
roof membrane or flashing
- Caulking
- a
composition of vehicle and pigment, used at ambient temperatures
for filling joints that remains plastic for an extended time after
application
- Chimney
Chase
- cover
or waterproofing apparatus installed to the top of the chimney
- Closure
Strip
- a
metal or resilient strip, such as neoprene foam, used to close
openings created by joining metal panels or sheets and flashings
- Coal
Tar
- a
dark brown to black, semi-solid hydrocarbon obtained as residue
from the partial evaporation or distillation of coal tar
- Coated
Sheet Felt
- an
asphalt felt that has been coated on both sides with harder, more
viscous asphalt
- Cold
Process Roofing
- a
continuous semi-flexible roof assembly consisting of alternate
layers of cold applied roof cement, felt and surfaced with a cold
applied coating
- Collector
Head
- a
transition component between a through-wall scupper and downspout
to collect and direct run off water
- Coping
- the
covering piece on top of a wall which is exposed to the weather,
usually made of metal, masonry, or stone. It is preferably sloped
to shed water back onto the roof
- Counterflashing
- formed
metal or elastomeric sheeting secured on or into a wall, pipe
or other surface to protect the base flashing and associated fasteners
- Course
- the
term used for each application of material that forms the waterproofing
system
- Creep
- the
permanent deformation of a roofing material or system, caused
by the movement of the system by thermal stress or loading
- Cricket
- an
elevated roof substrate or structure, constructed to divert water
around a chimney, curb, away from a wall, expansion joint, or
other projection/penetration
- Cutoff
- designed
to prevent lateral water movement into the insulation where the
membrane terminates at the end of a days work, usually removed
before the continuation of work
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- Dampproofing
- treatment
of a surface to resist the passage of water in the absence of
hydrostatic pressure
- Dead
Level
- absolutely
horizontal or zero slope
- Dead
Loads
- non-moving
rooftop loads, such as mechanical equipment, air conditioning
units and the roof deck itself
- Deck
- the
surface to which the roofing is applied
-
- Deflection
- The
deformation of a structural component
- Delamination
- separation
of the plies in a roof membrane system
-
- Double
Flashing
- two
separate pieces of sheet metal flashings for soil pipes or similar
roof penetrations where one piece is mounted under the tiles and
the other piece is woven into the tile application conforming
to the tiles
- Double
Pour
- the
process of applying two layers of aggregate and bitumen to a built
up roof
- Dropback
- a
reduction in the softening point of bitumen that occurs when same
is heated in the absence of air
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- Edge
Sheets
- felt
strips that are cut to widths narrower than the standard sheet
- Edge
Stripping
- application
of felt strips cut to narrower widths than the standard sheet,
between flashing and built up roofing
- Elastomeric
- a
rubber like synthetic polymer that will stretch when pulled and
will return quickly when released
- Envelope
- a
continuous membrane edge seal formed at the perimeter and at penetrations
by folding the base sheet or ply over the plies above and securing
it to the top of the membrane. The envelope prevents bitumen seepage
from the edge of the membrane
- Expansion
Envelope
- all
waterproofing components on the exterior of a structure
- Expansion
Joint
- a
structural separation between two building elements that allows
free movement between the elements without damage to the waterproofing
system
- Eyebrow
- a
dormer usually of small size, whose roof line over the upright
face is typically an arched curve, turning into a reverse curve
to meet the horizontal at either end. Also, a small shed roof
projecting from the gable end of the larger, main roof areas
-
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- Fabric
- a
woven cloth of organic or inorganic filaments threads or yarns
- Factory
Mutual
- an
organization that classifies roof assemblies for their fire characteristics
and wind up-lift resistance for insurance companies in the USA
- Factory
Square
- 108
square feet of roofing material
- Felt
- a
flexible sheet manufactured by the interlocking of fibre through
mechanical and temperature manipulation
-
- Field
Roof
- the
central or main portion of a roof, excluding the perimeter and
flashing
- Fine
Mineral Surfacing
- water-insoluble
inorganic material of which more than 50% passes the No.35 sieve,
this is used on surface roofing
- Fishmouth
- a
half conical opening formed by an edge wrinkle or cut edge
- Flashing
- components
used to weatherproof or seal the roof system edges at perimeters,
penetrations, walls, expansion joints, valley, drains, and other
locations placed where the roof covering is interrupted or terminated.
For example, a membrane base flashing covers the edge of the field
membrane, and cap flashings or counter flashings shield the upper
edges of the base flashing
- Flat
Bar
- a
method of repairing and /or replacing composition shingles using
a tool such as a 'flat' or 'pry' bar
- Flood
Coat
- the
top layer of bitumen into which the aggregate is embedded in a
like surfaced built-up roof
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- Glass
Mat
- a
thin mat composed of glass fibers with or without a binder
- Glaze
Coat
- the
top layer of asphalt in a smooth surfaced built-up roof assembly
- Gravel
- course
granular aggregate with pieces larger than sand grains
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- Hand
Sealing
- a
method of sealing using a hand tool and appropriate sealant
- Headlap
- the
minimum distance allowable from the upper edge of a shingle or
felt
- Holiday
- an
area where a liquid applied material is missing
- Hot
- the
roofing term for hot bitumen
- Hygroscopic
- the
property of being naturally attracting to or absorbing of atmospheric
moisture
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- Ice
Dam
- a
mass of ice formed at the transition from a warm to a cold roof
surface, frequently formed by refreezing meltwater
- Incline
- the
slope of a roof expressed either in percent or in the number of
vertical inches per horizontal inch
- Inorganic
- being
composed of matter other than hydrocarbons and their derivatives
or matter that is not of plant or animal origin
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- Job
Average Basis
- the
technique for determining the average dimension of an area for
the purpose of materials purchasing
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- Knot
- an
imperfection of the fabric construction causing surface irregularities
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- Leaderhead
- a
transition component between a through-wall scupper and downspout
to collect and direct run off water
-
- Lead
Skirt or 'Soaker' Flashing
- lead
flashing conforming to the roof surface
- Live
Loads
- moving
roof installation equipment, wind, snow, ice or rain
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- Mastic
- a
trowelable mixture of solvent based bitumen, mineral stabilizers,
other fibers and/or fillers. Classified by ASTM Standard D 2822-91
Asphalt Roof Cement, and D 4586-92 Asphalt Roof Cement, Asbestos
Free, Types I and II
- Membrane
- a
flexible or semi-flexible material, which functions as the waterproofing
component in a roofing or waterproofing assembly, and whose primary
function is the exclusion of water
- Mesh
- the
square opening of a sieve
- Metal
Flashing
- frequently
used as gravel stops, cap flashing and at penetrations in the
surface of a roof
- Mineral
Fiber Felt
- a
felt with mineral wood as its principal component
- Mineral
Granules
- opaque,
natural or synthetically colored aggregate commonly used in roofing
shingles
- Mineral
Stabilizer
- a
fine water insoluble material commonly used in mixture with semi-solid
bituminous materials
- Mineral
Surfaced Roofing
- built
up roofing materials whoes top ply consists of granule surfaced
sheet
- Mole
Run
- a
meandering ridge in a roof membrane not associated with insulation
or deck joints
- Mopping
- the
application of hot bitumen with a mop or mechanical applicator
to the substrate or to the felts of a built up roof
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- Neoprene
- a
synthetic rubber used in liquid applied and sheet applied roof
membranes or flashing
- Nineteen
Inch Selvage
- prepared
roofing sheet with a 17 inch exposure surfaced with granular materials
and a non-surfaced area as selvage edge
- Ninty-Pound
- a
prepared organic felt roll roofing with a granular surfaced exposure
that has a mass of approximately 90 lbs. per 100 square feet
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- Organic
- being
or composed of hydrocarbons or their derivatives, or mater of
plant or animal origin
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- Parapet
Wall
- that
part of any wall entirely above the roof
- Perlite
- an
aggregate used in lightweight insulating concrete
- Picture
Framing
- a
rectangular pattern of ridges in a roof membrane over insulation
or deck joints
- Pillow
Block
- pieces
of wood or similar on a roof assembly to serve as a nailer or
platform for attachment of rooftop equipment or components with
the purpose of protecting the membrane from scarring and to elevate
the equipment and/or components off of the roof surface to allow
proper drainage and maintenance
- Pitch
Pocket
- a
metal container placed around roof penetrations that is filled
with hot bitumen to seal the joint
- Ply
- a
single layer of felt in a built up roof membrane system
- Pond
- a
roof surface that is incompletely drained
- Positive
Drainage
- when
consideration is made to provide deflection of all water off the
roof deck within 48 hours
- Primer
- a
thin liquid bitumen applied to the surface to improve the adhesion
of subsequent applications of bitumen
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- Rake
- the
sloped edge of a roof at or adjacent to the first or last rafter
- Re-Covering
- the
process of covering an existing roofing system with a new roofing
system
- Re-entrant
Corner
- an
inside corner of a surface producing stress in the roofing or
waterproofing membrane
- Reglet
- a
sheet metal receiver for the attachment of counterflashing
-
- Remedial
- intended
to remedy or improve
- Ridging
- an
upward tenting displacement of a roof membrane frequently occurring
over insulation joints or deck joints
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- Saddle
- a
small structure that helps channel surface water to drains
- Saturated
Felt
- a
felt that is partially saturated with low softening point bitumen
-
- Screeding
- to
strike off excess concrete to bring the top surface of the concrete
to the proper finish and elevation
- Scupper
- a
water-resistant material, which may be metal or membrane, extending
through a wall and its cavities, positioned to direct water entering
the top of the wall or cavity to the exterior
- Scuttle
- a
hatch that provides access to the roof from the interior of the
building
- Selving
- an
edge or edging that differs from the main surface of a roll of
roofing material
- Shark
Fin
- an
upward curled felt side or end lap
- Shingle
- a
small unit of prepared material designed for overlapping installation
on inclined roofs
- Slag
- a
hard air cooled aggregate that is used as a surfacing material
-
- Sleeper
- see
"Pillow Block" above
- Smooth
Surfaced Roof
- a
built up roof membrane surfaced with a layer of hot mopped asphalt
-
- Soffit
- the
exposed undersurface of any exterior overhanging section of a
roof eave
- Splayed
Roof
- small
angled roof area extending out from the main field roof area
- Spudding
- the
process of removing the roofing aggregate and the most of the
bituminous top coating by scraping and chipping
- Square
- 100
square feet of roof area
- Substrate
- the
surface upon which the roofing or waterproofing membrane is applied
- Sump
- an
intentional depression around a drain
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- Tapered
Edge Strip
- a
tapered insulation strip used to elevate the roof at the perimeter
or to provide a transition from one layer of insulation to another
-
- Termination
- the
treatment or method of anchoring and/or sealing the free edges
of the membrane in a roofing or waterproofing system
- Test
Cut
- a
sample of the roof membrane that is cut from a roof to determine
the weight of the average interply materials and diagnose their
condition
- Thermal
Shock
- the
stress produced when materials are subject to sudden changes in
temperature
- Thermal
Stress
- occurs
during clear winter and spring days when the roof can experience
extreme temperature variations in a short time period. It typically
occurs during winter and spring nights when temperature variations
may exceed 50º in a twenty-four hour period and fiberglass
shingles cannot typically withstand this variation due to the
shrinking and expansion activity associated with thermal stress
-
- Three-Course
Repair
- an
application of mastic reinforced with a mesh-type material with
another layer of mastic
- Through
Wall Flashing
- a
water resistant membrane or material assembled to direct water
to the exterior
- Transistion
- passage
from one elevation to another, roof step-ups, curbs, walls, roof
penetrations and fixtures
-
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- Underwriters
Laboratories
- an
organization that classifies fire characteristics and other properties
of materials or assemblies
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- Vapor
Migration
- the
movement of water vapor from a region of high vapor pressure to
a region with lower vapor pressure
- Vapor
Retardant
- a
material designed to restrict the migration of water through a
roof or wall
- Vent
- an
opening designed to convey water vapor or other gasses from an
interior to the atmosphere
- Vermiculite
- an
aggregate used in lightweight insulation concrete
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- Waterway/Valley
- the
internal angle formed by the intersection of two sloping roof
planes
- Weep
Holes
- small
openings whose purpose is to permit drainage of water that accumulates
inside a building component (e.g., a brick wall, skylight frame,
etc.)
- Wythe
- a
masonry wall a minimum of two inches thick
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